Posted by: TrevorL
« on: May 26, 2023, 08:36:14 am »
In my OP under chapter 1 I made reference to the 1971 JW Book: Aid to Bible Understanding especially pages 884-885. The extensive article on “Jehovah” is on pages 882-895 in this JW Book: Aid to Bible Understanding, 1971. The following are a few excerpts that I found to be relevant to the subject of this thread and relevant to some of the things that have been discussed.
Page 882: “Jehovah” is the best known English pronunciation of the divine name, but “Yahweh” is preferred by most scholars.
Page 884: The time did come, however, when in reading the Hebrew Scriptures in the original language, the Jewish reader substituted either ‘Adho-nay’ (Lord) or ‘Elo-him’ (God) rather than pronounce the divine name represented by the Tetragrammaton. This is seen from the fact that when vowel pointing came into use in the second half of the first millennium C.E. the Jewish copyists inserted the vowel points for either ‘Adho-nay’ or ‘Elo-him’ into the Tetragrammaton, evidently to warn the reader to say those words in place of pronouncing the divine name.
Pages 884-885: The pronunciations “Jehovah” and “Yahweh”: By combining the vowel signs of ‘Adho-nay’ and ‘Elo-him’ with the four consonants of the Tetragrammaton the pronunciations ‘Yeho-wah’ and ‘Yeho-wih’ were formed. The first of these provided the basis for the Latinised form “Jehova(h)”. The first recorded use of this form dates from the thirteenth century C.E. Raymundus Martini, a Spanish monk of the Dominican Order, used it in his book Pugco Fidei of the year 1270. Hebrew scholars generally favour “Yahweh” as the most likely pronunciation.
Page 888: Moses raised the question: “Suppose I am now come to the sons of Israel and I do say to them, ‘The God of your forefathers has sent me to you,’ and they do say to me ‘What is his name?’ What shall I say to them?” … Moses’ question was a meaningful one. God’s reply in Hebrew was “’Eh-yeh’ asher eh-yeh’.” While some translations render this as “I AM THAT I AM,” the Hebrew verb (ha-yah’) from which the word ‘eh-yeh’ is drawn does not mean simply to exist. Rather, it means to come into existence, to happen, occur, become, take on (an attribute), enter upon (a state), or constitute. Thus, the footnote of the Revised Standard Version gives as one reading “I Will Be What I Will Be”.
I do not endorse all that is stated in this JW article, but I consider that the above is correct. The above is from earlier JW literature, and this is not so clearly reproduced in current JW literature. I suggest that there has been a shift, and such an article would be to some extent suppressed by the JWs today. Their current literature uses "Jehovah" consistently, and they almost boast about their usage of "Jehovah".
Repeating in part what I stated in Reply #4: For example in the fairly recent JW Book – What can the Bible Teach Us:
Chapter 15: The right way to worship God
The JWs claim that they are the true religion and part of this is their use of “Jehovah”.
Page 156: “So, as God’s servants we follow Jesus’ example. We worship only Jehovah, we use his name, and we teach others God’s name and what he will do for us.”
Comment: Again, I believe that the Name of God is better rendered Yahweh, and what is important is not only speaking or using the Name, but a correct understanding of the meaning of the Name. I do not believe that the JWs fully or correctly understand or teach the meaning of the Name.
As stated above, the JW book "Aid to Understanding" published in 1971 clearly states how the erroneous form "Jehovah" occurred. Evidently this book was superseded by the JW book "Insight on the Scriptures" published in 1988. The following are extracts from this book, as taken from the JW website.
"The time did come, however, when in reading the Hebrew Scriptures in the original language, the Jewish reader substituted either ʼAdho·naiʹ (Sovereign Lord) or ʼElo·himʹ (God) rather than pronounce the divine name represented by the Tetragrammaton. This is seen from the fact that when vowel pointing came into use in the second half of the first millennium C.E., the Jewish copyists inserted the vowel points for either ʼAdho·naiʹ or ʼElo·himʹ into the Tetragrammaton, evidently to warn the reader to say those words in place of pronouncing the divine name."
and
"What is the proper pronunciation of God’s name?
In the second half of the first millennium C.E., Jewish scholars introduced a system of points to represent the missing vowels in the consonantal Hebrew text. When it came to God’s name, instead of inserting the proper vowel signs for it, they put other vowel signs to remind the reader that he should say ʼAdho·naiʹ (meaning “Sovereign Lord”) or ʼElo·himʹ (meaning “God”)."
and
"Since certainty of pronunciation is not now attainable, there seems to be no reason for abandoning in English the well-known form “Jehovah” in favour of some other suggested pronunciation."
I suggest that although the present JW literature does not openly deny what was revealed in their previous book "Aid to Understanding", they have almost hidden this in the more recent literature, and as such have achieved their aim with the result as I encountered on another forum, the average JW would endorse "I know 100% Jehovah is his name" or "Every JW believes 100% Jehovah is his name".
Also Appendix A4 of the Online NWT has the following:
"About a thousand years after the Hebrew Scriptures were completed, Jewish scholars developed a system of pronunciation points, or signs, by which to indicate what vowels to use when reading Hebrew. By that time, though, many Jews had the superstitious idea that it was wrong to say God’s personal name out loud, so they used substitute expressions. Thus, it seems that when they copied the Tetragrammaton, they combined the vowels for the substitute expressions with the four consonants representing the divine name. Therefore, the manuscripts with those vowel points do not help in determining how the name was originally pronounced in Hebrew. Some feel that the name was pronounced “Yahweh,” whereas others suggest different possibilities. A Dead Sea Scroll containing a portion of Leviticus in Greek transliterates the divine name Iao. Besides that form, early Greek writers also suggest the pronunciations Iae, I·a·beʹ, and I·a·ou·eʹ. However, there is no reason to be dogmatic. We simply do not know how God’s ancient servants pronounced this name in Hebrew. (Genesis 13:4; Exodus 3:15) What we do know is that God used his name repeatedly in communication with his people, that they addressed him by that name, and that they used it freely in speaking with others.— (Exodus 6:2; 1 Kings 8:23; Psalm 99:9)."
It is interesting that the main thrust of the article is that because the word "Jehovah" is well known, then it is expedient to use this. It is also interesting that they refer to Rotherham, but ignore the fact that in the Introduction to his Bible Translation he gives an extensive exposition of why "Jehovah" is NOT the correct version of the YHWH Name.
Another strong witness is Strong's explanation of #3068 and #3069 but the explanation under #3068 is a bit obscure. The explanation under #3069 helps to clarify what the intent of the two different vowel points is intended to accomplish: "A variation of 3068 [used after 136, and pronounced by Jews as 430, in order to prevent the repetition of the same sound, since they elsewhere pronounce 3068 as 136]I understand what they are attempting to say is that when they came to YHWH with the vowel points of Adonai S#3068, they were prompted to read to themselves, or read aloud "Adonai", and when they came to YHWH with the vowel points of Elohim S#3069, they were prompted to read to themselves, or read aloud "Elohim". The following is an example of a Rabbi reading the Shema, and when he comes to YHWH with the vowel points of Adonai S#3068 he does not attempt to read some sort of version of YHWH, but simply "Adonai". "Shema: How to say the Holy Prayer" youtu.be/vB58oyck-C8
Kind regards
Trevor